The archive

Catalog

31 artifacts, inscriptions, and sites — each linked to the biblical passage it illuminates.

Showing 31
Merneptah Stele
Exodus & Settlement · c. 1208 BCE
Merneptah Stele

Egyptian granite stele containing the earliest known mention of "Israel".

Khirbet Qeiyafa Ostracon
United Monarchy · c. 1020–980 BCE
Khirbet Qeiyafa Ostracon

Earliest known Hebrew inscription, from a fortified Judahite city on the Elah Valley border.

Tel Dan Israelite Gate
Divided Kingdom · 9th–8th century BCE
Tel Dan Israelite Gate

Massive Iron Age city gate complex at ancient Dan.

Tel Dan Stele
Divided Kingdom · 9th century BCE
Tel Dan Stele

Aramaic victory stele containing the earliest extra-biblical reference to the House of David.

Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
Divided Kingdom · c. 827 BCE
Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III

Assyrian monument depicting Jehu, king of Israel, bowing before the Assyrian king.

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone)
Divided Kingdom · c. 840 BCE
Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone)

Basalt monument on which Mesha, king of Moab, recounts his revolt against Israel.

Ivory Pomegranate (contested)
United Monarchy · 8th century BCE (disputed)
Ivory Pomegranate (contested)

Thumb-sized ivory pomegranate once thought to come from Solomon's Temple.

Bulla of King Hezekiah
Divided Kingdom · c. 727–698 BCE
Bulla of King Hezekiah

Clay seal impression bearing the name of King Hezekiah of Judah.

Siloam Inscription
Divided Kingdom · c. 701 BCE
Siloam Inscription

Hebrew inscription commemorating the completion of Hezekiah's Tunnel.

Taylor Prism (Sennacherib's Annals)
Divided Kingdom · c. 691 BCE
Taylor Prism (Sennacherib's Annals)

Six-sided baked clay prism recording Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem.

Assyrian Siege Ramp at Lachish
Divided Kingdom · 701 BCE
Assyrian Siege Ramp at Lachish

Massive earthen assault ramp still visible at Tel Lachish.

Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription
Divided Kingdom · early 7th century BCE
Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription

Limestone dedication naming the Philistine city of Ekron and its rulers.

Flood Tablet (Gilgamesh XI)
Patriarchal · c. 7th century BCE (copy of older text)
Flood Tablet (Gilgamesh XI)

Cuneiform tablet containing a Mesopotamian flood account.

Lachish Reliefs
Divided Kingdom · c. 700–692 BCE
Lachish Reliefs

Assyrian palace reliefs depicting Sennacherib's conquest of the Judean city of Lachish.

Ketef Hinnom Silver Scrolls
Divided Kingdom · late 7th century BCE
Ketef Hinnom Silver Scrolls

Two tiny silver amulets bearing the priestly blessing — the oldest biblical text ever found.

Arad Ostracon (House of YHWH)
Divided Kingdom · c. 600 BCE
Arad Ostracon (House of YHWH)

Ink-inscribed potsherd mentioning "the House of YHWH".

Lachish Letters
Divided Kingdom · c. 588–586 BCE
Lachish Letters

Hebrew ostraca sent to the commander of Lachish just before its fall to Babylon.

Nabonidus Cylinder
Exilic · c. 555 BCE
Nabonidus Cylinder

Cuneiform cylinder mentioning Belshazzar, son of Nabonidus.

Cyrus Cylinder
Exilic · 539–538 BCE
Cyrus Cylinder

Clay cylinder recording Cyrus the Great's policy of returning exiled peoples to their homelands.

The Rosetta Stone
Second Temple · 196 BC
The Rosetta Stone

The granodiorite stele whose trilingual decree unlocked Egyptian hieroglyphs — the key that opened the entire world of ancient Near Eastern texts to modern scholarship.

Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaᵃ)
Second Temple · c. 125 BCE
Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaᵃ)

Complete Hebrew scroll of Isaiah discovered in Qumran Cave 1.

Widow's Mite (Lepton of Alexander Jannaeus)
New Testament · c. 103–76 BCE (in use through 1st c. CE)
Widow's Mite (Lepton of Alexander Jannaeus)

Tiny bronze coin representing the two mites of the poor widow.

Pool of Siloam
New Testament · late 1st century BCE – 70 CE
Pool of Siloam

First-century stepped pool where Jesus healed the man born blind.

Magdala Stone
New Testament · c. 1st century CE
Magdala Stone

Carved limestone block from a 1st-century synagogue at Magdala.

Temple Warning Inscription
New Testament · c. 20 BCE – 70 CE
Temple Warning Inscription

Greek inscription warning Gentiles not to enter the inner Temple courts.

Nazareth Inscription
New Testament · 1st century CE
Nazareth Inscription

Imperial Greek edict against tomb-robbing, possibly from the mid-1st century CE.

Heel Bone of Yehohanan
New Testament · 1st century CE
Heel Bone of Yehohanan

Only known physical evidence of Roman crucifixion — an iron nail through a heel bone.

Ossuary of Caiaphas
New Testament · c. 15–63 CE
Ossuary of Caiaphas

Ornately carved limestone bone-box inscribed "Joseph son of Caiaphas".

Pilate Stone
New Testament · c. 26–36 CE
Pilate Stone

Limestone dedication naming Pontius Pilate, Prefect of Judea.

Erastus Inscription
New Testament · mid-1st century CE
Erastus Inscription

Latin pavement inscription naming the Corinthian city treasurer Erastus.

Gallio Inscription (Delphi)
New Testament · 52 CE
Gallio Inscription (Delphi)

Roman inscription anchoring the ministry of Paul to a fixed date.